Synthesis, Micro-structural and Vibrational Studies of Nb doped Lithium Titanate Anode Materials for Lithium-ion Batteries

Abstract

This research work presents the outcomes of the impact of the fractional substitution of Nb⁵⁺ replacing Ti with Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ (LTO) anode material.  For the original sample and the Nb substituted Li₄Ti_5-xNb_xO_12, the fractional impact of Niobium on structural features have been presented in this paper. Well-crystallized spinel Li₄Ti_5-xNb_xO₁₂ (x=0, 0.025, 0.05 and 0.075) anode materials are synthesized by ceramic method, which is calcined for 20 hours at 850 °C.  An organized exhibition of the outcomes of the structural, morphological and vibrational bonding nature of the negative electrode materials are investigated via the XRD, FESEM, EDS and FTIR.  The revealed peaks of diffraction are in complete synchronization with the ordered Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ spinel possessing Fd3m space symmetry. The grain sizes of Nb substituted materials are large above the base material ranging between 0.9 and 1.3 ?m in diameter. The FT-IR spectra show MO₆ tetrahedra and octahedral to be a part of the oxide lattice, thereby confirming the spinel structure of the materials.